Cancer management Free Essays

Presentation The point of this case report is to give a wellspring of data in regards to patients with Bulky stage 1B cervical malignancy by concentrating on ideal consideration and treatment pathway of a patient. The writer means to portray significant logical perceptions from clinical preliminaries, and along these lines give canny data to extend information and new research effectively present. In spite of a ‘well established’ UK screening program for distinguishing cervical pre-obtrusive sickness there are still around 2,800 instances of cervical disease per annum and 1,000 ladies despite everything kick the bucket from cervical malignant growth every year (Cancer explore UK, 2003). We will compose a custom paper test on Disease the executives or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now The contextual investigation centers around a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix uteri (exocervix and endocervix), ineffectively separated and arranged by FIGO organizing framework at IB2 N1 (index A). The FIGO organizing framework (Appendix 1), depends on clinical assessment (review, palpation, colposcopy), radiological assessment of chest, kidneys, and skeleton, and endocervical curettage and biopsies. The FIGO arranging proposals were last reexamined in 1995. Stage IB (T1b) incorporates every intrusive tumor constrained to cervix bigger than stage 1A2 injuries. Stage T1b mysterious is not, at this point utilized. Stage IB sores (limited to cervix) were partitioned into stage IB1 clinical injuries (?4cm in size) and stage IB2 sores (4cm in size). There were no progressions in different stages, including the 1987 meanings of stages IA, IA1, and IA2 (FIGO, 1995). Brady et al (1999) recognize squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix starting at the squamous columnar intersection (change zone) of the endocervical channel and portio of the cervix. This injury is as often as possible related with serious dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, which has the chance of advancing to an obtrusive carcinoma in 10 to 20 years. The threatening procedure gets through the storm cellar film of epithelium and attacks the cervical stroma. In the event that intrusion was under 3mm, the sore was named microinvasive or hastily obtrusive (stage IA1) the likelihood of lymph hub metastasis is about 1% (Bohm et al, 1976). Perez et al (1998) proposed occurrence of pelvic hub metastases to be around 15% in stage IB, 25% to 30% in stage IIB, and half in stage IIIB disease.Incidence of para-aortic hub metastases was seen as roughly 5% in stage IB, 19% in stage IIB, and 30% in stage IIIB illness. Fagundes et al (1992) presented the tumor may spread to adjoining vaginal fornices or to paracervical and parametrial tissues, with inevitable direct intrusion of bladder, rectum, or both. They pushed the most widely recognized metastatic locales as lungs (21%), para-aortic hubs (11%), mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph hubs, bones, and liver. Writing survey models: The latest type of writing accessible was distributed logical articles in type of electronic diaries. Writing discovered included, audits regarding the matter of Cervical malignant growth and distributed clinical preliminaries which exhibited clinical advantages and ensuing assessment. Diaries were gotten to by means of web utilizing PubMed and Science Direct databases. Papers were chosen dependent on value of unique and pertinent articles were extricated from reference records. Essential pursuit terms: ‘Cervical cancer’ ‘Squamous cell carcinoma of cervix’ ‘Cancer of the cervix’ Optional pursuit terms: ‘Poorly separated IB2 N1 Cervical cancer’ ‘IB2 N1 Cervical Cancer’ ‘Ovarian Transposition + Cervical Cancer’ ‘Phase 1 preliminaries +Cervical Cancer’ ‘Treatment pathway + Cervical Cancer’ ‘Supportive consideration + Cervical Cancer’ ‘HPV + Cervical Cancer’ Avoidance standards: The vast majority of the references utilized were under eight years of age, albeit more seasoned articles were checked on to note improvement of treatment. Quiet case introduction The patient case is of a twenty multi year elderly people ladies (gravida 0, para 0). She had no familial history of Cervical malignancy or some other kind. She expends two units of liquor for every week and is an incidental smoker with a one pack for each year history. She is right now utilized and works thirty-six hour out of every week. In November 2008, understanding gave an anomalous cytologic (Papanicolaou) smear test and some postcoital spotting. She prevented any structures from securing vaginal release yet commented a sentiment of overwhelming weakness and pelvic agony. A general physical assessment of the patient was done with exceptional consideration regarding supraclavicular (nodal) territories, mid-region, and liver. A cautious pelvic assessment which incorporated a bimanual palpation of the pelvis occurred. Following a strange smear test the patient was alluded for a colposcopic assessment, where high evaluation cervical dysplasia was found. The patient was thus alluded in October to her neighborhood emergency clinic for a LLETZ (enormous circle extraction of change zone of cervix) biopsy of cervix. Examples got during this method distinguished an intrusive, modestly separated squamous cell carcinoma of enormous cell keratinising type. Vascular attack was not recognized. The tumor was organized as IB+. November 2008, differentiate MRI of mid-region and pelvis finished, which closed an enormous homogenous mass being seen emerging from lower end of cervix stretching out somewhat more to one side. Cervical trench was noted to seem protected and the endometrium and rest of uterus seemed typical. There was doubt of expansion of tumor into the upper vaginal divider. A privilege sided basic ovarian sore was noted, with a typical left ovary watched. An enormous lymph hub was found in the privilege pelvic sidewall profoundly dubious of being metastatic. No Para-aortic lymphadenopathy noted. Finishing up organizing on MRI grounds was recorded as a Stage T2b, N2 cervical disease. In view of MRI discoveries, quiet was alluded for EUA (assessment under sedation) for thought of trachelectomy, in November. Trachelectomy is a careful evacuation of the uterine cervix. EUA recorded an enormous 5cm exophytic tumor and on checking out it on 360? no perceptible penetration into vagina was seen.In request to give better definition an endo-cervical curl MRI was acted in December 2008, which further affirmed an authoritative 6cm exophytic cervical disease and extended right pelvic lymph hub. Because of this the patient was not a perfect possibility for a trachelectomy. The patient was next alluded for an EUA, cystoscopy, colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and biopsies. Methodology was uneventful. No vaginal or parametrial association were recognized. Cystoscopy, sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy were typical. This gave a closing arranging of Ib/2a. The patient’s case was talked about inside a MDT (multi-disciplinary group) meeting. Here it was concluded that chemo-radiotherapy would be favored treatment. The patient’s principle concern was conservation of fruitfulness because of her young age. Because of the movement of malady and brisk finish from conclusion to treatment, the patients family, patient and accomplice all turned out to be bothered, and a referral was made to a master gynae †nurture, where data with respect to treatment, visualization and reactions could be clarified and talked about once more. The oncologist alluded patient to a richness expert in December 2008, to talk about potential alternatives for fruitfulness saving before understanding initiating radiotherapy and chemotherapy. From this gathering it was concluded that the patient was to experience ovarian transposition to prohibit them from the radiation disperse impact from the proposed adjuvant radiotherapy. Inside a similar strategy in December, understanding experienced a laparoscopic para-aortic hub appraisal, which in this manner characterized the radiotherapy field. The aftereffects of the evaluation were talked about inside a MDT meeting whereby it was discovered that the solidified area of the dubious right obturator hub affirmed danger, in spite of the fact that, the para-aortic lymphadenectomy was negative. Patients assent, tallness and weight were taken so as to figure Cisplatin chemotherapy measurements required for associative chemotherapy. December 2008, understanding continued to beginning radiotherapy endorsed at 50.4Gy in 28 parts with a four field procedure at 10MV. Notwithstanding this she initiated her first attendant chemotherapy of Cisplatin 40MG/M2 60MG, first of four cycles. The patient was looked into all through her radiotherapy and chemotherapy and endured both well with least reactions. Consequently the patient was assented for intrauterine and intravaginal high portion rate brachytherapy for February 2009. The patient was noted to be down and discouraged and mournful and communicated worries of not adapting. The patient was alluded to a CLIC/Sargent social laborer for help and guidance in January 2009. Preceding first division of brachytherapy, understanding experienced EUA. It indicated a decent relapse of tumor, yet was as yet cumbersome. A smit sleeve was embedded just as intrauterine cylinder and ovoids. Quiet was conceded for brachytherapy (16.5Gy to point An of every three parts) which continued without intricacy, persistent was accordingly released. Following brachytherapy, an outside pillar pelvic side divider help was performed at 5.4Gy in three divisions. The patient was evaluated five weeks post treatment in March 2009. She noted slight entrail changes and saw that she was releasing limited quantities of pee. This was excused as radiotherapy related. The patient was given vaginal dilators and gave directions just as an informative DVD. Quiet transferred her feelings of dread of being re-tainted by HPV. Understanding was urged to converse with long accomplice in regards to HPV testing. The patient additionally referenced encountering a couple of night sw

Information Technology vs Industrial Clusters The WritePass Journal

Data Technology versus Industrial Clusters Foundation and Introduction: Data Technology versus Industrial Clusters Foundation and Introduction:Discussion:Conclusion: ReferencesRelated Foundation and Introduction: Data Technology (IT) has been a significant power changing human life on planet earth. It has changed the establishments of business, social, monetary, money related, mechanical elements of human life. It has cultivated the pace of life just as changed the way of life and speed of human life. Presently with the coming of web, the speed of life has become a significant determinant of keeping pace in various components of life. The exceptionally significance of business sectors and limits characterizing the business sectors and business spaces have experienced a total change in light of the web and cultivating mechanical change that it acquired its wake. While corporate business world has exploited the web, it has still I the early periods of acknowledging full help and capability of the web. IT examiners proposed gigantic advantages from the web which implied migration and complete physical opportunity from the clients, contenders and physical limits of the market which prior characterized the very furthest reaches of any industry. By mid twentieth century, the business sectors were would in general be characterized at nearby level, at city level and at the national levels. There was little notice of the worldwide or worldwide markets. This was a direct result of restricted advancement accomplished in the methods for interchanges and transportations. Most markets were considered as physical definitions or definitions regarding physical nearness of the purchasers and merchants. Each spot where purchasers and venders could be genuinely present were characterized as neighborhood markets. Any place the purchasers and merchants could assemble from a national scale were the national markets. The constrained headways in the methods for transport and correspondences were a characteristic obstruction available definition. Conversation: As the industrialization procedure developed and the methods for transport and interchanges additionally developed with them. The start of the railroads framework and the messages and phone achieved a few relaxations in the meaning of the business sectors and the business sectors definitions additionally incorporated the zones from far away here there were clients of any item or administration where transport means, for example, rail lines and correspondence means, for example, phone and broadcasts approached. Consequently the methods for transport and correspondences have filled in as a key factor characterizing the land limits of business sectors. The meanings of the market limits has moved connected at the hip with the headways of the transportation and correspondences. The second 50% of the twentieth century has brought an innovative unrest particularly in the IT area. The PC is the most intriguing innovation of the twentieth century. It has changed the speed and precision levels of the data preparing. It has additionally guaranteed and conveyed straightforwardness and legitimacy. In the last fifty or sixty years the world has seen the ascent of web which has affected the correspondences in an un-point of reference way. The ascent of the web has characterized and reclassified the rudiments of correspondences in each niche and corner of the world. The business markets and every industry and portion is profoundly influenced by the development and convenience of web. Among the key advantages imagined by the IT specialists, the Internet was thought to reclassify the business sectors too. In a few segments, for example, administrations banking and retailing and IT, it was believed that the web would present branchless administrations basically taking out the physical nearness of the branches in each territory of the nation. In any case, notwithstanding the wide spread utilization of the web in each office and creation industrial facilities and assembling zone, it is noticed that organizations despite everything like to be situated close to their rivals and outsourcers. Why? This is the essential inquiry that we have to reply in this article. In the traditional way to deal with systems administration, most enterprises in retailing administrations and banking followed a reasonable methodology with their rivals. In each zone, Mcdonalds and KFC and Burger King have their outlets practically close to one another or as close as could be expected under the circumstances. Banks additionally will in general have their branches close to one another in each region paying little mind to the volume of business they can get. They go for noticeable quality and nearness as much with respect to their piece of the pie particle each zone. The reasons are basic and straight forward. Regardless of the utilization of web, physical nearness through an outlet is thought as significant as the piece of the overall industry and deals through that region. Also the most significant attributes are talked about as follows: In the financial area idea of branchless banking was visualized with the ascent of web. Regardless of after wide spread use and long periods of training and sites each bank has propelled and online administrations transferred on their sites, the online administrations utilized by the customers, clients and banks is blocked by some plain certainties. The mal rehearses, web cheats, website hacking and different practices that put the online security of data under question mark, has caused customers, clients and banks to avoid utilizing the online administrations with full certainty. The utilization of the online administrations is constrained and value-based volumes of the online administrations are as yet restricted as a result of the constrained trust and certainty earned by the online administrations due to security of online data. Most organizations and customers and individual clients regard online information to be defenseless and inclined to burglary. This makes the utilization of online administrations be utilized in constrained volume and hence restricting the idea of branchless banking. Furthermore, the customary and ordinary financial practices require a physical nearness of the boycott k outlets in every territory so the clients may see and visit the bank they trust and manage. This is inferable from the way that clients promise their trust more with a bank genuinely present than with the one which has a nearness just on the web. The purported ‘human element’ is still more significant than the innovatively propelled administrations, for example, online banking.â A cutting edge client doesn't have the advantage of time and his time is cash. He needs to contribute his time as much warily as cash. He realizes that on the off chance that he blunders his time, he will free cash, accordingly time is cash. The ebanking is a response to a large number of his needs on this point of view. He can perform a large number of his occupations and everyday financial exercises which ate into his valuable time, He can manage every money related action by methods for e banking. An advanced client is an ebanker. He inclines toward not to visit a bank office as long as he can meet his financial need through one of the accessible ebanking means and ways. In this manner, ebanking is considered as a response to a significant number of the issues of the client of current heating market. â€Å"Challenges stay even in Latin America. In areas not served by banks most clients open a record essentially to get to government assistance installments, or in light of the fact that their manager stores their compensation straightforwardly into their record. Aside from withdrawals, the most continuous utilization of the records is for making service bill payments.† http://economictimes.indiatimes.com â€Å"The intensity of mobile phones has been huge in the nation, and the branchless financial program would target PDA clients with practically no entrance to banks, he said.†(www.thejakartapost-banking-start-bali.html) Telebanking is likewise considered as a major aspect of the web banking. In the telebanking administrations by dialing the given Telebanking number from anyplace, the client can get to their records and by following the easy to use menu, whole financial set up can be directed through Interactive Voice Response (IVR) framework which is reason manufactured and intended to serve the client. There are adequate quantities of chasing lines accessible with this framework and the client calls never fall flat or go un joined in. The framework is worked around in a few neighborhood dialects and acts to the use capacity of the client. The cutting edge association is profoundly intelligent and subject to the ebanking administrations. The records division is practical on ebanking framework and it can check its every day money equalization and issue checks and make installments and move the assets through ebanking and tele-banking administrations alone. It saves money on the time and exertion of t he association. Branchless Banking has potential as expressed by Times of India â€Å"Branchless banking has an enormous potential to come to the unbanked and underserved fragment of the populace, he said and included that the branchless banking absolutely will help individuals to exploit the financial offices at reasonable cost† (http://timesofpakistan.pk) The social factors that tie and characterize business esteems for a particular region likewise characterize the brand value and piece of the overall industry in explicit pockets of a market driving organizations to find themselves in every region near their rivals and outsourcers. This powers most banks and retailing organizations like Mc donalds, KFC, Burgar King to loosen up and make their branches accessible in the neighborhood region of their rivals. In the event that a rival in retailing will have an outlet in one region, he may well get the touch and feel of the neighborhood purchasers progressively close touch and feel of the nearby purchasers. He can react to their requirements more pointedly and seriously than if he isn't there. Same goes for the financial segment too. Each branch supervisor needs to proceed as a feature of his obligations an overwhelming activity of individual banking and individual connection working with his customers in each pocket of the market to cause its clients to feel at home with their bank. â€Å" Branchless banking is extremely valuable and accommodating in both urban and rustic areas† states (http://telecomnewspk.com) Mind

SIPAs MPA in Development Practice COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA’s MPA in Development Practice COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog By Molly Powers At the Office of Admissions we get a lot of questions about the MPA in Development Practice (MPA-DP also known as MDP). It’s understandable, considering that the degree program was established in 2009 and just graduated its first class in May 2011. As a current second-year MPA-DP student, I am often the go-to person fielding these questions, so in the interests of sharing some insights with folks who can’t come by our office, I’m highlighting a few of the most common queries here. Q. Where did the MPA-DP degree come from anyway? A. The creation of the MPA-DP degree was one of the core recommendations of the International Commission on Education for Sustainable Development Practice, supported by the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.  The year-long Commission was co-chaired by Jeffrey D. Sachs, Director of The Earth Institute at Columbia University, and John McArthur, then Executive Director of Millennium Promise, and comprised 20 top thinkers in the field of sustainable development, including the CEO of CARE, the then Executive Director of UNICEF, and a former president of Mexico. This group concluded that there is significant and growing demand for generalist development professionals individuals highly trained in a set of cross-disciplinary competencies that prepares them to address the complexities of sustainable development.  Leaders in the field need multidisciplinary knowledge and skills to solve problems in an increasingly complex and dynamic world. There are now students pursuing MPA-DP or MDP degrees at more than 20 universities around the world. You can learn more at the Global MDP Secretariat website. Q. What is the difference between MPA-DP and a traditional MPA? A. Each MPA-DP or MDP program around the world may be slightly different, although they share the same cross-disciplinary objectives. At SIPA, the MPA in Development Practice program is a two-year MPA degree, but the student cohort is smaller (fewer than 50 students per class) and the core courses differ somewhat from a traditional MPA. The MPA-DP is geared toward development practitioners with some field experience who are interested in a multi-sectoral approach to sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Due to the number of required core courses in varied subjects such as health, food systems, management, infrastructure, and economics, MPA-DP students do not select a concentration or specialization.  As with a traditional MPA, macro and microeconomics, statistics, and professional development are required, but MPA-DP students are not required to do a capstone project in their fourth semester (though they may if they apply and are accepted). One of the major differences is the nature of the MPA-DP internship. Rather than find their own internship, MPA-DP students are matched with select partner organizations for a three-month field internship in a developing country during the summer between first and second year. Otherwise, most courses available to MPA and MIA students are also available to MPA-DP students. Q. What kind of background do MPA-DP students have? A. There’s a big range. My cohort includes four engineers, six Returned Peace Corps Volunteers, a lawyer, four corporate consultants, two with experience working in corporate social responsibility, a number of entrepreneurs who started their own non-profit enterprises, and many who have experience with international NGOs like WWF or multilateral organizations like UNDP and ILO.  One thing is for sure, MPA-DP encourages potential students to gain hands-on field experience before applying to the program. For each cohort, we seek diverse international representation and undergraduate degrees. The first two MPA-DP classes include students from 21 countries, coming from a range of academic backgrounds including economics, business, engineering, computer science, agriculture, public health, biology, religion, history, communications, political science, law and international relations.   The cultural and professional diversity within each cohort is a powerful asset for learning and contributing to a vibrant program. Q. Is the MPA-DP program more quantitatively rigorous? A. The MPA-DP degree requires that students take advanced 6400 level macro and microeconomic analysis for international affairs rather than the (slightly) less advanced 4200 level. This is in preparation for some of MPA-DP’s other core curriculum including Human Ecology and Energy and Infrastructure Planning. Economics is a key component of international and public affairs and students who have not been exposed to statistics or a college-level economics class will find the first semester particularly challenging. That said, MPA-DP is not significantly more rigorous than the traditional MPA or MIA degrees, quantitatively speaking, and people who have not cracked open a calculus textbook since high school should not feel discouraged from applying.   Speaking for myself, I came to the program with a Religious Studies and Anthropology major, having little exposure to economics and having avoided statistics in college. I struggled with some of the concepts, but managed to do better than I expected. So long as you are able to demonstrate quantitative competency (I had taken a number of natural science courses and my work experience included budgeting and excel), you should be able to survive, and even hone new skills. Q. What kind of jobs are MPA-DP graduates qualified for? A. MPA-DP graduates are qualified for the same jobs as MPA and MIA graduates, although the degree is particularly well suited for work in international development-oriented organizations requiring fieldwork. Grads are equipped to understand and solve complex development problems at local, national, and global levels. In addition, the small size of the cohort and the program’s alliance with the Earth Institute and Global MDP Secretariat gives students access to additional networks through which to pursue career opportunities. In May 2011, our first class of 23 students graduated from the program. They have since found jobs with a diversity of organizations across 9 countries. These include positions in the World Bank, US government, foreign governments, international NGOs, development  consulting firms, entrepreneurial ventures, philanthropic organizations, and universities. Q. How do I select a Summer Field Internship site? A.  The three-month summer field internship is an essential component of the MPA-DP curriculum and is designed to provide students with practical work experience in sustainable development practice. MPA-DP students are given a number of possible, approved sites and organizations employing integrated approaches to sustainable development around the world. Students are also provided descriptions of project work that is available at these sites, then rank their preferences, and are matched in teams of 3-4 with these preferences and the site needs in mind. In 2011, MPA-DP students worked in six Sub-Saharan African countries with Millennium Villages Projects, in Bangladesh with BRAC, in Cambodia with Maddox Jolie-Pitt Foundation, and in East Timor with the Earth Institute. The number of projects and countries will expand in 2012 to include Haiti as well as more Asian, African, and Latin American project sites. To read student blogs from summer field internships, you can visit this site. Q. Can I do a dual degree with MPA-DP? A. As of 2011, the answer is no.  It is not possible to combine the international dual degrees, such as the two-year London School of Economics Degree or Sciences Po Program in Paris with MPA-DP because of the specific core requirements for the degree. The MPA-DP curriculum is densely mapped out over 22 months and cannot be completed in only one year at SIPA. Domestic, three-year dual degrees with Mailman School of Public Health or the School of Social Work, for example, might be more feasible, but are not currently available to MPA-DP students. Q. Can I submit an application to both the MPA-DP and to a traditional MIA/MPA? A. Yes, you may apply to both MIA/MPA and MPA-DP programs by creating two separate applications. The MPA-DP admissions process does not differ significantly from the traditional MIA and MPA process. The same elements are required (application, personal statements, traditional and quantitative resumes, GRE or GMAT, and 3 recommendations), however the MPA-DP applications are reviewed by a different committee to select a well-balanced cohort. For more information, interested applicants should also check out the MPA-DP website, or contact the program manager, André Correa D’Almeida, directly at ac3133@columbia.edu or at (212) 854-2636.

Socrates Defense Against The Criticism Of Plato s Apology

After the introductory remarks, Plato’s Apology continues with Socrates’ defense against the â€Å"First Accusations,† because his accusers are many, and of all ages: the older accusers have persuaded the youth to speak and think badly of Socrates, and given that they were at an age of influence, the lesson stuck. The old accusations that Socrates has to address first and foremost are: â€Å"Socrates is guilty of wrongdoing in that he busies himself studying things in the sky and below the earth; he makes the worse into the stronger argument, and he teaches these same things to others.† (Plato 19b) Socrates proceeds by explaining where these slanders come from, since for them to appear in the first place, there should be something in his being that†¦show more content†¦However, Socrates was not the one who inquired to the oracle, but his friend Chaerephon: he asked if any man was wiser than Socrates, to which Pythian answered that there was not. Because of this answer from the Delphic god, Socrates decided to go on a quest in order to understand what the god meant, because Socrates did not consider himself wise. His discovery of his human wisdom comes from this philosophical mission that he undertakes, because the gods have knowledge that those that are not divine do not, therefore there has to be some truth in the oracle’s answer, and Socrates gives himself this mission to find it. This mission consists in going to see wise men, poets and craftsmen, to rebut the oracle’s answer, because they are known for their knowledge and people even pay for it. He vi sits his first so-called philosopher, where he â€Å"inspects† him, only to realize that he is nothing more than an ignorant whom is unacquainted with his ignorance. Socrates proceeds by trying to make him aware of his lack of knowledge, which counteracts to the wise man disliking him, and those hearing Socrates’ comments as well. These are his very first haters, and his very first realization that he holds a certain kind of wisdom because he’s more aware of his lack of wisdom and admits it, whereas the wannabe wise man believes that he is wise, tells others that he is wise, and doesn’t admit he is not when told, but his consciousnessShow MoreRelatedComparing Twentieth Century Political Thought Leo Strauss And Richard Rorty1421 Words   |  6 Pagesthe true ‘philosophers’ will clue into the work’s intricacies and subtle message. Strauss believes that it is necessary for philosophers to disguise their ideas due to a long history of pe rsecution against great thinkers. This list of those persecuted ranges from classical thinkers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, to modern thinkers including Descartes, Spinoza and Kant, to name but a few. As a result Strauss claims that there must be a distinction between the masses, who are ruled by mere opinionRead MoreSocrates and the Apology1136 Words   |  5 Pagesbest sources of information about Socrates philosophical views are the early dialogues of his student Plato, who tried to provide a faithful picture of the methods and teachings of the great master. The Apology is one of the many-recorded dialogues about Socrates. It is about how Socrates was arrested and charged with corrupting the youth, believing in no god(s) (Atheism) and for being a Sophist. He attended his trial and put up a good argument. I believe that Socrates was wrongfully accused and should

Substance Abuse Counseling Laws And The Aca Ethics Code

Introduction Substance abuse counseling can be a rewarding career for anyone who has a desire to help people who are battling an addiction to drugs or alcohol. A substance abuse counselor can work in hospitals, prisons, therapeutic facilities, and halfway houses. The purpose of a substance abuse counselor is to help those who have an addiction manage it. In this paper I will be discussing Texas state counseling laws and the ACA ethics code and how these two can guide my work as a substance abuse counselor. I will also discuss the characteristics of a counselor, review my strengths and any challenges I may have as a counselor, and discuss my perceptions of substance abuse that may impact my ability to become an effective counselor. Ethics and Laws Texas State Board of Examiners of Professional Counselors requires anyone who want a counselor’s license have a master’s degree between 2,000 and 4,000 hours of supervised clinical experience and pass the state exam as well a complete continuing education each year (DSHS, 2014). The Ethical and legal considerations set to help substance abuse counselors as they journey through their profession can serve as a bible for me. These ethics and laws help counselors to make appropriate decisions when it comes to helping others. Addiction professionals will uphold the legal and ethical standards of the profession by being fully aware of all federal laws and laws that govern practice of substance use disorder counselingShow MoreRelatedResponding to Legal Issues in Mental Health Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity Case Scenario: An 18 year old female named Simone is a new mother who does not know who the father of her child is. 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TheRead MoreREVIEW TEST SUBMISSION week 3 Essay example1446 Words   |  6 Pages__________ was established as a self-help approach to alcohol addiction. Selected Answer: c.   Alcoholics Anonymous. Answers: a.   The Alcohol Counseling Center. b.   The Theater of Spontaneity. c.   Alcoholics Anonymous. d.   None of the above. Response Feedback: Correct. Question 2 4 out of 4 points ____ is also called the fourth force in counseling. Selected Answer: a.   Multiculturalism. Answers: a.   Multiculturalism. b.   Humanism. c.   Cognitive-behaviorism. d.   Psychoanalysis. Read MoreEthical Decision Making Models, Transcultural And Practitioner Essay2680 Words   |  11 Pagesissues that may be present in a counseling relationship. An ethical decision-making model is a method that therapists use to help guide them when they face decisions that may not have an easy solution. The authors of The Practitioner’s Guide to Ethical Decision Making was created to help members of the American Counseling Association in establishing the correct strategy to use when faced with a challenging decision regarding an ethical issue (â€Å"American Counseling Association†, 2016) The authorsRead MoreSchool Counseling: A Case Study in Ethical Decision Making Essay2469 Words   |  10 PagesAssociation (ACA-Au., 2008); Code of Conduct (2, 2.1), American Counselling Association (ACA, US, 2005), Code of Ethics (A.2c; B.1a; c.2a) and Education Queensland (EQ) Code of Conduct (1994) 2.1.1, and Education Queensland (EQ) (2008) Ethical Code, and Watson, Herlihy Pierce, 2006. Confidentiality Confidentiality was explained to Lorena, and also the exceptions in which, confidentiality would have to be breached. Lorena was asked if she understood this, she replied â€Å"Yea†. ACA (2005, SectionRead MoreMental Health Practitioners: Roles and Responsibilities1770 Words   |  7 Pagesof metal health or substance abuse. According to last years breakdown, clinical and counseling psychologists comprise the biggest group at 152,000; mental health and substance abuse social workers, 138,000; substance abuse counselors, 86,100; psychiatrists, 34,400; and marriage and family therapists, 27,300 (Grohol). Status of Issues Mental health counselors must conform to a strict set of professional codes of ethics (Anderson, 2012). These codes of conduct and State laws require them to alwaysRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction1903 Words   |  8 PagesIDENTIFY THE PROBLEM Robin was admitted to a residential facility for drug addiction. While she was there, she was given numerous assessments, such as The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory and finally the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory. Unfortunately, Robin was unaware that such tests were being administered, as well as being unaware of their purpose. Approximately 6 weeks after the last assessment was administered, Robin enquired about her results

TIme Between Us Respone Free Essays

Time Between Us by Tamari Ireland Stone is about a girl (Anna), and boy (Bennett) and their extremely complicated but sweet relationship. Anna and Bennett were never supposed to meet: she lives in 1 995 Chicago and he lives In 2012 San Francisco. But Bonnet’s unique ability to travel through time and space brings him into Anna’s life, the only reason was to Walt for his sister who got lost In 1995. We will write a custom essay sample on TIme Between Us Respone or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although as he runs into Anna, things get even more complicated. He can’t help but all for her and she doesn’t deny. As their relationship deepens, they face the reality that time might knock Bennett back where he belongs; even as a devastating crisis throws everything they believe Into question. Although in the end Anna makes a choice which changes her past and future and thankfully she makes the right choice so Bennett gets the opportunity to stay In her life. When I opened the book I was expecting to be blown away by another bittersweet tale of love. I guess my expectations were too high because in all honesty I was disappointed. To really restated in the beginning when they wouldn’t tell us the whole story and kept us guessing, and like a mystery as much as the next girl but after a while it got tiring and I Just wanted to know what was really going on. I dreaded especially the parts when Bennett kept changing his attitude towards Anna, like one time he liked her and another time he couldn’t stand her, those parts r eally got to me and I felt like throwing the book across the room because it just kept going round and round and not getting to the point. Of course that made sense later on because he was redoing he moment but those first few chapters were torture and it got me extremely confused at times. I also thought they should’ve told us more about Brooke because as soon as her purpose was fulfilled in the story (to have Bennett travel back to 1965 and run Into Anna), It seemed Like Stone was In a rush to get her out of the picture. I was really disappointed when she didn’t even get mentioned again and when they introduced that she was missing, it had me really excited to find out the more but it didn’t extend further than that and I wish it had because that mystery was killing me ND also the part when she supposedly ‘returns’ and travels back with Bennett to 2012. Stone Just briefly mention that she has returned and that’s it. Full stop. No details of where she had been or Is she was k, because if I was knocked into a completely different decade, I’m sure I wouldn’t come back the same person. So I was pretty interested in finding out how she was but sadly Stone did not satisfy my curiosity. This novel changed my views on couples, used to think couples break up over silly things and get back together and the cycle continues, but this story made e think that it’s all about choices, if Anna had chosen to spend the summer waiting for him, she would’ve been dies appointed, but she choose to live her life and that way she would’ve been happy with or without Bennett and Bennett did eventually come applies to reality as well. Everything depends on the choices we make, for example choosing to go to university, choosing to work hard for a degree, choosing to get a good Job and choosing to be happy. So it depends on the choice you make which determines your future. Vive read similar text like this before (romance) although hat made this one different was that it introduced a fictional problem I never thought couples would have to face. I thought only certain things couples had to deal with but I never imagined time travel would be one of those things. And I’m sure they don’t have to face such things in real life but the author wrote it in such a way that it all seemed perfectly believable. Even through time travel was a huge aspect of the novel, I could easily forget that it wasn’t actually a normal factor in a relationship. It was a lovely mix of delightful real life relationship problems and fictional issues that pet me hooked in because this was something new to read about, rather than the common: girl meets boy, lies, secrets, challenges, issues, they work it out in the end, live happily ever after. This had all that but that extra fresh and exciting fictional topic which made it really compelling to read. Near the end of the book when Anna is left feeling sad and broken, (because Bennett left) she goes to her friend’s music shop and listens to the songs playing in the background. I really like this part because the lyrics to the song are so exactly relatable to what Anna is feeling. Anna gets so captivated by the song and that all she hear and that use of imagery was something I found very beautifully fitting into this part of the book. I can exactly imagine Anna sitting in an isle of the store collapsed and soaking up the music which is so relatable to here and I can feel her tears falling down as her friend fusses over her trying to figure out what’s wrong. The lyrics go so well with the situation: â€Å"Take me to another place, she said Take me to another time†¦ Take me where the whispering breezes†¦ Can lift me up and spin me around. If I could I would, but I don’t know how. I’m melting into nothing†¦ I felt that as she heard the lyrics I could see her expressions changing as she recognized the words and as she let them take her over. Even though she didn’t tell us directly she was breaking, I could imagine this scene and it explained it all perfectly. The connection to the wider world is that heartbreak is a very common side effect of love which is why it is proven 1 in 3 marriages will end in divorce. It’s always complicated weather in books, movies and in re ality. It gets confusing and difficult but it’s the most magical thing in one’s life and Just like Anna and Bonnet’s love story love is usually forbidden in one way or another. When Bennett left Anna and she was broken, I felt really bad but I could also relate to her and I’m sure millions of other girls could too because the connection that her and Bennett had was so deep and suddenly one day you wake and the realization hits you like a tsunami, that it’s no more. It’s all gone. Millions of people experience this and I think that Stone has done. How to cite TIme Between Us Respone, Essays

Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Example

Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl Essay Outline the key events in the life of Lenin Referential Lenin Referential was born on the 22nd August 1902 in Berlin and in her young life grew a developed skill in classical dancing which led to many of her experiences throughout her life. Refrigerants dancing career began in 1 921 and continued until 1 925, it was in this time that the expressionist movement was booming in Berlin and Referential became a central figure of this movement. She persuaded the leading theatre manager and producer, Max Reinhardt to sign her up as a professional dancer. Her dancing career although only lasting 4 years saw her traveling all across Europe, it ended abruptly after she suffered a major setback injuring her knee. Following her experience on the stage Referential began acting in 1 926 and starred in many films exhibiting the mountain genre. Her first film The Holy Mountain, directed by Arnold Fancy premiered in 1926 and officially began her acting career, which in the coming years would see her star in 5 more Fancy films. Referential was commonly depicted as the heroine of the films as he demonstrates her determination and bravery, carrying out the climbing scenes herself. By 1933 Lenin was a highly popular movie star in Germany. After staring in five films Referential spent much time with the directors of the film and as she felt fitting decided to begin directing films. The Blue Light 1932 was her first released directed film and exhibited the techniques she had experienced when filming with Fancy, for this reason her film was extremely well received by the audiences and was extremely successful. We will write a custom essay sample on Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Key Events in the Life of Leni Riefenstahl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In her making of films she was persuaded to witness Hitler address the German public at the Berlin Rally, it is here that her fascination with the man was expressed to the point where she wrote a letter asking to meet him. Hitters response to Refrigerants request to meet with him was taken positively and in May 1 932 Hitler and Referential met at Wilhelmina on the Baltic Coast. It was in this meeting that Hitler asked Lenin to direct movies for his Nazi party and she quickly became part of Hitless inner circle. Triumph of the Will 1934 was Lenss first propaganda film depicted Hitler and his Nazi party. The film of the 1 934 Emergent Rally was shown only as a newsreel and not as a film, Hitler desired to see his rallies directed as a film so he gave Lenin unrestricted access to resources to guarantee that the film would be complete to the highest standard. She assembled her own film crew and produced a film that that was deliberately devised to promote the image of Hitler as the leader of German people. Lenin spent 5 months editing over 100000 meters of film before Triumph of the Will was released in 1935. Olympia was Lenss second directed film under the influence of Hitler, although it was not meant to be a propagandist film, it was widely perceived as this and was not appreciated for its originality and new techniques. After the initial release of the film Lenin traveled all around Europe and in 1938 she visited the United States, this visit coincided with the Night of the broken glass that led Americans to question Lenss involvement with the Nazis. This begun her rejection in America and led to her being blacklisted in 1938 as the head of the Nazi film industry Refrigerants life, with her involvement in the Nazi party was tested on her inclusion with the party and fell sick; she faced legal and financial struggles. She emerged again after a time in seclusion as a photographer traveling to Africa to capture tribes that had been untouched by the Western society. Her name, still sparking controversy leaves her legacy crushed, and will never be remembered without her inclusion in the Nazi party. She died on the 8th of September 2003 shortly after her 101 SST birthday as the great dancer, actor, photographer and director Of the propagandist Nazi films.

Who Murdered King Tut essays

Who Murdered King Tut essays King Tutankhamen is one of the most famous Pharaohs of Egypt, not because he had a major accomplishment during his reign, but because his tomb was found in the Valley of Kings only eighty-five years ago by Howard Carter (www.dancewithshadows.com). Howard Carter has described the tomb as being from top to bottom it was overlaid with gold, and upon its sides there were inlaid panels of brilliant blue faience, in which were represented, repeated over and over, the magic symbols which would ensure its strength and safety. As another once describe it, ...here within the great shrine, as original seals on the doors of the inner shrine indicate, on one has entered since the King was laid to rest. The tomb had gone undiscovered for thousands of years. It was the first tomb discovered that had been subject to only one robbery and was found in almost perfect condition (www.site-ology.com). When the tomb was discovered the method of embalming used had made it difficult to identify the mummy . The mummy was first mistaken for Tutankhamens grandfather Amenhetep III. Another astonishing fact was that the tomb found appeared to be that of a young boy. With the discovery of the tomb in the Valley of Kings, and very little documentation found within the tomb, many questions were raised; Was Egypt, one of the most powerful civilizations, ruled at one point by a young boy? If so, how did he come to reign? How old was the King when he died? How did he die? The most important and controversial question that arose from the finding of the tomb was, the question of whether King Tutankhamen was murdered or not. Because of an apparent blow to the head, Archaeologists and many others believe that the boy-king many have been murdered. To solve this speculation, many questions must be answered and a history of King Tutankhamens life must be revealed to reveal the mystery that surrounds the death of Egypts most famous...

U-Shaped Kitchen Layout Overview

U-Shaped Kitchen Layout Overview The U-shaped kitchen layout was developed based on decades of ergonomic research. Its useful and versatile, and while it can be adapted to any size kitchen, its most effective in larger spaces.   The configuration of U-shaped kitchens can vary according to the house size and the homeowners personal preference, but generally, youll find the cleaning zone (sink, dishwasher) on the external-facing wall, which sits in the lower curve or bottom of the U. The stove and oven typically will be located on one leg of the U, along with cabinets, drawers and other storage units. And usually,   youll find more cabinets, the refrigerator and other food storage areas like a pantry on the opposite wall.   Benefits of U-Shaped Kitchens A U-shaped kitchen typically has separate work zones for food prep, cooking, cleaning and in eat-in kitchens, a dining area.   Most U-shaped kitchens are configured with three adjacent walls, as opposed to other kitchen designs such as L-shaped or galley, which only use two walls. While both of these other designs have their pluses, ultimately a U-shaped kitchen provides the most counter space for work areas and storage of countertop appliances. A significant benefit of the U-shaped kitchen is the safety factor. The design doesnt allow for through traffic that might disrupt the work zones. Not only does this make the food prep and cooking process less chaotic, but it also helps prevent safety mishaps like spills. U-Shaped Kitchen Drawbacks While it has its advantages, the U-shaped kitchen does have its share of minuses, too. For the most part, its not efficient unless theres room in the center of the kitchen for an island. Without this feature, the two legs of the U may be too far apart to be practical.   And while its possible to have a U shape in a smaller kitchen, for it to be most efficient, the U-shaped kitchen needs to be at least 10 feet wide. Often in a U-shaped kitchen, the bottom corner cabinets can be difficult to access (although this may be remedied by using them to store items that are not frequently needed). U-Shaped Kitchen and Work Triangle Even when planning a U-shaped kitchen, however, most contractors or designers will recommend incorporating a kitchen work triangle. This design principle is based on the theory that placing the sink, refrigerator and cooktop or stove  in proximity to each other makes a kitchen most efficient. If the work areas are too far away from each other, the cook wastes steps while preparing a meal. If the  workspaces  are too close together, the kitchen winds up being too cramped.   While many designs still use the kitchen triangle, its become a bit outdated in the modern era. It was based on a model from the 1940s which presumed only one person prepared and cooked all the meals solo, but in modern  families,  this may not be the case. The  standard kitchen work triangle  is best placed along the base of the U unless a kitchen island is present. Then the island should house one of the three elements. If you place them too far away from each other, the theory goes, you waste a lot of steps while preparing a meal. If they are too close together, you end up with a cramped kitchen without adequate space to prepare and cook meals.

Answering assigned questions about Tesla Motors Company Assignment

Answering assigned questions about Tesla Motors Company - Assignment Example Global acquisition and mergers activity has gone up in the current year. The year has registered an increase in activities of acquisition and mergers because of a number of reasons including; favorable credit markets, increased cash amount on balance sheets of corporate organizations, decreased interest rates and rise in stock market strength. Acquisition and mergers have become an option for the companies due to elusive internal growth. The rampant consolidations have forced shareholders to support the move with the aim of ensuring their businesses are able to acquire market shares. Research has indicated a rise in shares of both the sellers and buyers related to the announcement of mergers and acquisitions. One of the rumors this year is the possibilities of apple acquiring or merging with the Tesla motors (Mangram & Edwin, 28). The chief executive of the two companies has been in discussion this year pertaining to the same. For a business to be able to be among the best firms in the world, tesla still has a long way to go. It requires a product lineup that is bigger and it also has to hit the points of mass market price. The company has to come up with effective ways or system in place that will be essential in ensuring the cars manufactured are well distributed. The company also needs an innovation in battery technology. A new battery that will take a long time before it is recharged is required by the business to drive the wheels of the vehicle. The company also need to continue being competitive in the market. The company has to deal with the tremendous work that is ahead of the enterprise (Mangram & Edwin, 60). The company can only make an impact in the market and solve the issue raised through merging and acquisition. The company can merge with a corporation such as apple that has already made an impa ct in the competitive world. The auto manufacturing market is so competitive in the current

Karl Marx's Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Karl Marx's Theory - Essay Example In this documentary Spurlock exposes the ugly truths of one of America's biggest fast food corporations and shows how it knowing endangers the lives of its customers in order to make a profit. Spurlock conducts an experiment, and plays the part, of what the corporation would consider to be its best customer. He allows the corporation's advertising and portion suggestions to make his decisions for him, and in doing so eats the fast food for every meal for thirty days. By the end of his experiment Spurlock finds that he has gained twenty five pounds and doctors warn him that his health is in ruin. The fast food corporation used in the experiment didn't purposely try and kill Spurlock, but it's advertising and unhealthy food was the direct cause in Spurlock's health deteriorating into a downward spiral. Marx says: "The development of Modern Industry, therefore, cuts from the under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products. What the bourgeoisie, therefore, produces, above all, are its own grave diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable." The grave diggers Marx refers to in terms of Spurlock's experiment would be the exact same things that made the fast food corporation such a success in the fir... Therefore the corporation is responsible for its own demise. The grounding force behind the corporation's success is money. Marx's General Formula for Capital exposes how greed and a demand for profit can eventually drive a corporation into the ground. Marx argues when a corporation becomes so successful that it begins to exchange money for money instead of money for commodities that it destroys itself. When a corporation begins to buy in order to sell, it takes its first step towards demise. This exchange of money for money is never ending because according to Marx they "have the same vocations, to approach, by quantitative increase, as near as possible to absolute in wealth". The end result is money which in turn is also the beginning. Marx believes that the possessor of this money becomes the capitalist. Since the fast food corporation in "Supersize Me" encourages poor nutrition for a profit, it in turn makes an increasingly bigger profit for increasingly lesser valuable foods. The documentary brought Marxist ideas into modern society by showing that contemporary capitalism is not simply that it gives consumers what they want, but that it makes them want what it has to give. By advertising and offering food at a cheap price the fast food corporation forced itself upon its customers, making them want their products. Spurlock sums up his thoughts saying, "The bottom line, they're a business, no matter what they say, healthy food is good for you, they make millions, and no company wants to stop doing that." At the end of the documentary Spurlock asks his audience a question: "Who do you want to see go first, you or them" This question sums up Marx's thoughts on capitalism perfectly, showing that either way the

Self Efficacy Education in Military Leaders

Self Efficacy Education in Military Leaders Integration of self efficacy education in development and training of South African military leaders. Introduction Twenty first century military leaders across the world face unusual challenges as organizations put in great effort to adapt to the ever accelerating rates of change internally and to the external environment within which they operate. Such rapid evolution in modern challenges does not only require equally evolved and revolutionary knowledge, skills and abilities of leaders, but more importantly it requires the self-conceptualizations of their leadership capabilities and psychological resources to meet the ever increasing demands of their functions. Given such complex challenges, it would be hard to imagine anyone following or being positively influenced by a leader who does not welcome or accept such challenges. Yet, there is not much being done in developing and educating current and future leaders within the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) about such leadership efficacy. Leadership efficacy is a specific form of efficacy associated with the level of confidence in the knowledge, skills, and abilities associated with leading others. It can thus be clearly differentiated from confidence in the knowledge, skills, and abilities one holds in relation to their function in the organisation. In this essay, it is argued that self efficacy education is paramount in training and development of modern and future leaders as the current conditions require leaders to continually rise to the occasion so as to meet complex challenges as well as have the necessary social and psychological aptitude to positively influence their foll owers and the organizations culture, climate, and performance. In order to be able to mobilize groups toward collective performance, leaders need the capability to exercise high levels of personal agency and create similar levels of agency in those individuals they are leading by proxy[1]. For the purpose of this essay, agency refers to acts done intentionally. Bandura[2] also states that central to leadership and its development, efficacy is the most pervasive among the mechanisms of agency and provides a foundation for all other facets of agency to operate. Efficacys relevant and comprehensive nature in meeting todays leadership challenges is captured by Lester et al in a statement that efficacy beliefs affect whether an individual will think in a self-enhancing or self-debilitating way, how well they motivate themselves and persevere in the face of difficulties, the quality of their well-being and their vulnerability to stress and depression, and the choices they make at important decision points[3]. There is a differentiation that can be made between leading behaviours of individual leaders and the leadership effects, which the essay explains as the resultant positive influences displayed in a group which the leader is a part of. The essay suggest that there is potentially great value in building a more comprehensive understanding of the contribution of leader efficacy in building collective leadership efficacy within a group. By pursuing this linkage, the essay intends to connect the literature on leader efficacy with the larger body of research on organizational behaviour to facilitate the discussion on the collective efficacy formed through the interactions between leaders and subordinates. Beyond this the essay will motivate that the strategy for developing South African military leadership should consider leaders efficacies for taking on the challenges of development and performance. Thus the motivation for integration of self efficacy education in development and training of military leaders and subsequent followers. Why self efficacy education in leadership development Self-efficacy has been the most widely studied form of efficacy and has received considerable attention in the fields of cognitive and social psychology through extensive theory building and research. Bandura2 defines self-efficacy as beliefs in ones abilities to mobilize the motivation, cognitive resources, and courses of action needed to meet situational demands. The believe that one can be the master of ones own destiny, whether as an individual or as an organisation is essential for future leaders in or out of the military environment. Lacking a sense of self efficacy means that people consider themselves subject to anything but their own ability to master the situation. They blame the elements, the environment, fate, foreigners, providence, history, economics or even God. The culture of dependency that has developed out of this is also a culture of intellectual poverty and lack of self esteem which leads people to seek and expect handouts, direct self explanatory orders and inst ruction from higher authority at every situation or task. The leader who brings a sense of efficacy to a situation is the one who restores people to a belief that they themselves control their own destiny and takes responsibility for their actions. Borne along by this conviction, the leader imparts it in words and deeds, inspiring followers to work together to achieve a new transformed reality. The leader draws inspiration from the meditation on the plight of the followers; they respond by endorsing and confirming the essential rightness of the mission, it is what subordinates desire the most. The finest exemplars of military leadership efficacy can be seen in General Collin Powell, Admiral Elmo Zumwalt, Major General Archer Lejeune to name a but few. Efficacy transforms a situation and this means more than effectiveness. Efficacy changes the whole picture to the point of even breaking the frame. To be effective is to be the cause of the result, but this is within given circumstances, it is not transformative. Lester et al3 proposed that positive psychological states such as efficacy directly promote effective leader engagement, flexibility and adaptability across the varying challenges characterizing complex organizational contexts. This is because higher levels of self efficacy provide the internal guidance and drive to create the agency needed to pursue challenging tasks and opportunities successfully. To this end McCormic et al[4]. concluded that leader self-efficacy, may be one of the most active ingredients in successful leadership, and team performance, and that it clearly contributes to leadership effectiveness. Development of Self-efficacy in leaders How leader efficacy influences a leader may differ depending on whether the efficacy is conceived in the preparatory context during learning and training situations or job performance situations. In his social cognitive theory, Bandura2 suggested that the optimal strength of self efficacy differs between the learning of a skill, which he called preparatory efficacy, and performing in the situations for which development is targeted, or job performance efficacy. Bandura further argued that though there is a positive linear relationship between performance efficacy and performance, the relationship between preparatory efficacy and learning is more complex. Machida and Schaulbroeck[5] explains that preparatory efficacy is different from an individuals beliefs about their general ability to learn, which is termed learning efficacy, the efficacy construct in focus here is ones efficacy for executing and completing a task during preparatory situations. Bandura2 explains that when individuals are highly efficacious in completing tasks and demonstrating skills in the preparatory or learning process, they often have little incentive to invest further effort into learning the skill. Though leaders efficacy about leading others during the actual execution of leadership roles might need to be higher for peak performance, leaders efficacy in leading others during leader development and preparatory phase might need to be lower so as to facilitate greater motivation to persist in learning and practicing the skills. The studies conducted by Machida and Schaulbroeck5 claim that there is a negative relationship between self-efficacy and learning. It seems likely that people who are too confident in their leadership abilities will not seek to invest their time and energy in developing their leadership ability as would individuals who have a more realistic sense of the scope of leadership activities. Machida and Schaulbroeck5 further proposed that the concept of efficacy performance spirals and has self-correcting cycles. According to these authors, an efficacy-performance spiral is a phenomenon in which increases or decreases in one variable of performance causes a similar change in the other variable of self efficacy which ultimately leads to a self-reinforcing trend in performance. Thus by amplifying upward efficacy performance spirals, individuals become complacent as they see their performance and their confidence improve despite lack of exploring alternative task strategies or increasing other preparatory activity such as by experimenting with new behaviours. This perspective supports Banduras argument that there are advantages to possessing lower level of self-efficacy in the context of completing a task during preparation and learning or development of skills2. Bandura argued that self-efficacy is a fluctuating property that changes constantly; however, he has not discussed what would be the ideal or preferred patterns of change in self-efficacy to maximize learning in the preparatory phases, such as leader development activities. Machida and Schaulbroeck5 proposed the concept of efficacy spirals in relation to organizational performance and collective efficacy. For optimal learning, leaders may need to maintain a self-correcting cycle by seeking to adjust their self-efficacy, increasing it or decreasing it in ways toward the objective of motivating investments in preparation. Another implication of efficacy performance spirals is that when leaders are learning to lead, repeated and uninterrupted failure, which will tend to decrease self-efficacy and encourage downward efficacy spirals, should be avoided. Such failure patterns are demoralizing and can even lead to a cycle of learned helplessness wherein the individuals come to believe that they have no control over performance improvement. For developmental tasks to be sufficiently challenging for development to occur, a high probability of failure must be inherent, however, to avoid situation whereby learners engage themselves in downward efficacy spirals, a self-correcting cycle must be encouraged by exposing the learners to possibly less difficult tasks and reminded of their developmental progress. During the development activities, leaders baseline self efficacy must ideally be set at a moderate level. As leaders encounter developmental challenges, their self-efficacy can and should fluctuate from this baseline self-efficacy level in the self-correcting cycle of efficacy change. Based on Banduras arguments concerning preparatory self-efficacy, it is believed that maintaining the motivation for learning during the process of leader development requires that ones baseline leader self-efficacy is not too low or too high. Thus, when individuals are developing their skills as leaders, it is critical that they are aided in maintaining a moderate level of self-efficacy to engage the self-correcting cycle of efficacy changes most effectively. Development of Self-efficacy in South African military leaders Having discussed the distinction between preparatory and performance efficacy, it is important to keep in mind that both preparatory and performance leader efficacy must be viewed in reference to the specific task of leading others in the defence organization. According to Bandura2 learning self-efficacy is not self-efficacy about performing a task during learning nor is it about how the individuals perceive his or her abilities in comparison to their peers rather, it refers to confidence about ones ability to learn a skill and accomplish a task. In his review of numerous studies, Bandura2 stated that the most potent antecedent to developing self-efficacy is mastery experiences based on past performance accomplishments. However, Bandura2 also made clear that prior success alone does not raise self efficacy. Development is influenced by how the individual interprets the success and the context that performance occurred in. This suggests mentoring that helps leaders make meaning of their prior leadership experiences is important in influencing development. Lester et al3 suggested that leaders identity construction occurs through social interaction, through claiming and granting of leadership. Individuals claim leadership through stepping up and attempting to influence others. Others then grant leadership through affirming and supporting that leaders attempts. Through this reciprocal process, individuals begin to see themselves as capable leaders, reinforcing a leader identity. It is therefore suggested that mentorship be incorporated into leadership training to foster leaders identity construction and grant affirming support. As experienced role models, mentors can be powerful sources to provide such external endorsement. The primary role of mentors must be to provide psycho-social support to learners, helping them to diagnose their prior actions, cast those actions in a positive light, and to serve as a source of validation for the learners. Machida and Schaubroek5 proposed that strong manifestation of a leaders identity ultimately requires endorsement from others, including ones mentor, peers, or followers. Furthermore, as mentors increase learners sense of competence, self-esteem, and efficacy, it can be expected that a spiral effect would occur as noted earlier. Specifically, it is expected that the learners would feel more encouraged and safe to explore their leadership than those without a mentor, and thus, increase attempts to claim leadership in th eir groups, thereby increasing leadership claim episodes. Mentorship relationships are expected to be the most effective method as role modelling exhibited by the mentor to the learners will influence development of leader efficacy beliefs by the learners. Mentors will primarily be expected to act as role models who will walk learners through prior or future leadership behaviour and performance, helping them to cognitively replicate and learn aspects of successful performance. Selected mentors should be attractive role models that serve as the prototype upon which learners may identify and base their future development. The mentor must be a role model to the learner such that respective learners begin to believe that they too can develop toward and achieve performance levels similar to their mentor and role model.. According to Bandura1 leader efficacy can also be developed through modelling, whereby learners study and observe competent and relevant role models successfully performing similar tasks, or cognitively model leadership experiences through study and envisioning successful performance by past leaders. The impact that modelling and in-depth observations hold is influenced by the attractiveness of the role model to the learners, the level of similarity between the observed model and the learners characteristics relevant to the task, and how similar the observed tasks are to those tasks the learners may be expected to perform. Bandura1 also notes that social persuasion ,which constitutes a primary role inherent in mentoring is another way of developing self efficacy. In congruence to Bandura, Lester et al3 explains that even when feedback is negative like discussing an incident of poor performance, mentors can provide feedback in a positive manner, highlighting what was learned and how that feedback can then be used to enhance future performance. What is critical in this factor is that mentors must instil in the individual learners the importance of growing and developing from all sorts of feedback, which is expected to influence thelearners efficacy regarding his or her leadership. This approach is also in line with evidence provided by Lester et al3, showing how individualized consideration associated with transformational leadership positively relates to leader development and performance. Another process of developing self-efficacy is according to Bandura1, psychological, physiological, and emotional arousal. In this instance, mentors would be required to serve in the role of inspiring learners to motivate their development. Such stimulation can, according to Machida and Schaubroeck5 be generated through inspirational motivation or creating an idealized vision for the learners as well as through sources of emotional infection, whereby mentors enthusiasm is transferred to learners and stimulates them to advance their development of leader efficacy. Organized mentorship programs are known to be effective in developing various positive outcomes in learners, the essay suggest that mentorship programs targeting the primary sources of efficacy identified by Bandura as discussed above would be particularly effective in raising learners leader efficacy and performance. It is further suggested that these discussed sources of efficacy be made to be innate in the role of any eff ective mentor and mentoring relationship. It is clear by now that this essay proposes that mentoring will increase learners leader efficacy more so than the traditional group based training for leadership development. Based on the research and theory reviewed above, it is suggested that by developing a more individualized   training relationship between the mentor and learners, the promotion of positive trajectories of leader development in the SANDF will be improved. A mentoring program will have a more positive impact on leader efficacy development and performance enhancement than the generalized, ready-made leader training interventions being practiced in the SANDF today because of the degree that the mentors will connect to their individual learners needs, abilities and aspirations. An individualized focus will help target learners specific needs and capabilities, enhancing efficacy development. It seems reasonable to expect that one on one mentoring, on average, will provide more consistent opportunities for the mentor to employ the four methods identified by Bandura1 for developing self-efficacy and to adjust the leader development intervention to the exact needs of the learners, thus enhancing learners efficacy and performance. Conclusion The essay described the multifaceted role of self efficacy in leader development. Furthermore the essay visited self efficacy related concepts proposed in the psychological literature, including preparatory self-efficacy, efficacy spirals and performance self-efficacy and has made suggestions about ways in which these concepts can be integrated into the current context of leader development in the SANDF. Judgments concerning leadership abilities as conveyed by mentors and interpreted by budding leaders as they experience successes and failures are essential for the development of highly effective leaders for the future. It is perhaps a clichà © that leaders are constantly required to learn and develop in this rapidly changing world. Coming to grips with this truism however requires a developmental process that comprehends the distinctions between leaders preparatory situations and their performance situations, identifies the personal and contextual factors that influence efficacy beliefs of leaders, and finally integrates a multifaceted perspective of leader efficacy in a way that promotes continuously positive learning trajectories. It is hoped that the essay will encourage training of practices that more effectively balance the needs for SANDF leaders to perform in the short term with the imperative that they learn and are adaptive in the longer term as well as inspire further res earch in the subject matter. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bandura, A. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W. H. Freeman. (1997). Bandura A. Self efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University press. (2002) Lester PB, Hannah ST, Harms PD, Vogelgesang GR and Avio BJ. Mentoring impact on leader efficacy development: A field experiment. Academy of management learning and education, review 10,no3(2011) Machida M and Schaubroeck J. The role of self efficacy beliefs in leader development. Journal of leadership and organisational studies, review 18, no 459(2011) McCormic MJ, Tanguma J and Lopez-Forment AS. Extending self efficacy theory to leadership: A review and empirical test. Journal of leadership education, Review 1, no2(2002). [1] Bandura A. Self efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University press. (2002) [2] Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control in McCormic MJ, Tanguma J and Lopez-Forment AS. Extending self efficacy theory to leadership: A review and empirical test. Journal of leadership education, Review 1, no2(2002) [3] Lester PB, Hannah ST, Harms PD, Vogelgesang GR and Avio BJ. Mentoring impact on leader efficacy development: A field experiment. Academy of management learning and education, review 10,no3(2011) [4] McCormic MJ, Tanguma J and Lopez-Forment AS. Extending self efficacy theory to leadership: A review and empirical test. Journal of leadership education, Review 1, no2(2002). [5] Machida M and Schaubroeck J. The role of self efficacy beliefs in leader development. Journal of leadership and organisational studies, review 18, no 459(2011)

Component of Financial Statement

16th January 2012 34 Mansion road Granchestor meadows Oxford Ox1 6ds Dear Mr Han , I am writing this letter to explain to you the component of your financial statement, this includes the Balance sheet at 31st of March 2011 and the profit and loss account for the year ended in 31st of March 2011 , hope you have a b etter understanding after reading my letter. The Profit and Loss account shows whether your business has made profit or loss , over your financial year.This also shows how much sales you’ve made and how much loss, it helps you make decisions in the future and improve on your business. You may also view whether you made Profit or loss weekly, monthly but usually it is shows yearly. Revenue Expenditure is the money you spend on items on a day to day basis. This may vary depending on the Business type. Some examples of what may be included is, Premises costs, staff costs, purchase stock. These are the Revenue expenditure from your account.Rents and Rates – ? 6,00 0 Wages and salaries – ? 3,920 Advertising – ? 1,500 Telephone and postage – ? 190 Revenue income is the money coming into the business from performing its daily tasks; these also vary on the type of business owned. Some of the examples of revenue income within a business are sales, commission received and also rent received. The revenue incomes from your account are Sales at a cost of ? 63,850. Balance sheet this is a businesses’ net worth at a particular point.Balance sheet also shows the value of a business as it states what the business owns also known as assets and also known as liabilities. Capital Income is the money that is invested into the business by its owners and all other investors. The money is usually to set up the business, have equipment. It is usually equipment that will stay and be used in the business for a longer period of time an example may be Premises. The capital income of your account is a capital of ? 16,000.Capital expenditure – These are used to buy capital assets that stay in the business for a long period of time some examples may be , Buildings, Machinery ,Office , Furniture and fittings. Here is the capital expenditure from your Accounts . Equipment ? 13,175 Motor Vehicles ? 2,400 The profit and loss account calculates the amount of profit that is left after the cost of producing goods and service it is then deducted from the amount of sales revenue, this is calculated by sales revenue take away costs of goods that have been sold.Cost of sales is the value of stock that is used to generate the sales, the calculation for costs of goods sold is Opening stock plus purchases take away closing stock. Net profit is the money left after all the other expenses have been deducted from the gross profit and also any other income that has been added on, this is calculated by adding the Gross Profit to expenses. Fixed assets are the items that a business owns and that will stay for a long period of time , you may see this on a business balance sheet that will include Buildings, Machinery ,Office , Furniture and fittings.These assets lose their value over a period of time, meaning that after every year the value in the balance sheet is reduced to give affair value of the asset. The fixed assets from your account are Equipment and also Motor Vehicles. Current assets ,are the items of value that are owned by a business whose value is likely to rise and fall irregularly in number or amount on a regular basis ,this also occurs every time the business makes a transaction. Current assets include Stock – ? 7,400 Debtors – ? 150 Cash in the bank – ? 560 Cash in hand – ? 250Current liabilities –Is what is owned by a business and it should be paid back in less than one year of time the examples are creditors and also overdrafts. The current liabilities from your account are Creditors at ? -1610. Net assets – This shows the total value of the entire ass ets take away the value of the liabilities. Net assets are calculated by Current assets plus fixed assets take away (current liabilities long term liabilities) the total of your net assets are ? 12,325. Capital employed –This represents the capital investment necessary for a business to function.Consequently, it is not a measure of assets, but of capital investment: stock or shares and long-term liabilities. It’s the initial capital invested in the business calculated by profit and opening capital being added minus drawings. Capital employed and net assets always have the same /equal answers. After the explanation of showing the purpose of Profit and loss account, explaining and giving calculations and examples I hope it helped you understand, if any questions please contact Yours sincerely.

Essay on Hysteria - 1618 Words

â€Å"In the beginning was Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, who freed the emerging science from the chains of superstition, introduced empirical observation and the bedside manner, and both identified and named ‘hysteria’† (Gilman 1993, 3). Hippocrates, lived in ancient Greece from 460 BCE to 377 BCE, the first [known] person to study hysterical actions believed (as did the proceding Greeks and Romans) that hysteria was strictly a female problem, and in many cases almost any problem a female had was considered ‘hysteria’ (Gilman 1993, 4). This view was believed for an extensive period of time but as Appignanesi asserts many other things that were once believed to be true are proven false later, i.e., the earth is the center of the†¦show more content†¦Her mother suffered from ‘house wife’s psychosis’, her fathers brother was a hypochondriac, her fathers sister was extremely neurotic. Dora had one brother who had a stra nge connection with her. In the words of Freud, â€Å"†¦her brother was as a rule the first to start an illness and used to have it very slightly, and then she would follow suit with a severe form of it.† (15). Her brother (one and a half years older then her), who tried to stay out of family affairs, when involved would side with his mother over Dora or her father. This fits well with Freuds oedipal theories. In fact much of Freuds analysis of Dora uncovered ‘repressed’ sexual desires. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Around the age of eight Dora began to develop neurotic symptoms. Their family doctor diagnosed the ailments as strictly mental and not physical. This is the precursor to her hysteria, as hysteria is strictly a mental syndrome which can affect the physical body but resides in the confines of the mind. At the age of twelve Dora suffered severe migraine headaches and random attacks of nervous coughing. These usually went together but as the illness developed the afflictions came separately. By the age of 16 the coughing had totally although the coughing or tussis nervosa got worse and would last up to several months. â€Å"The most troublesome symptom duringShow MoreRelated Male View of Hysteria Presented in The Yellow Wallpaper3352 Words   |  14 PagesMale View of Hysteria Presented in The Yellow Wallpaper      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Charlotte Perkins Gilmans short story The Yellow Wallpaper has been viewed as either a work of supernatural horror or as a feminist treatise regarding the role of women in society. A close analysis of Gilmans use of symbols reveals The Yellow Wallpaper as her response to the male view of hysteria from ancient times through the nineteenth century. In The Yellow Wallpaper Gilman questions the validity of HippocratessRead MoreFraud and Unjustified Conjectures in Dora An Analysis of a Case of Hysteria by Sigmund Freud 1672 Words   |  7 Pagesof Hysteria by Sigmund Freud exemplifies this situation, as Freud reveals an incomplete analysis relying on a slew of unjustified conjectures. During Dora’s time of treatment, Freud consistently ignores her denials and impresses his frequently outlandish theories on her, which ultimately leads to her early termination of treatment. Freud fails to cure Dora due to his flawed diagnosis upon unsupported conjectures and his embodiment of the patriarchal authoritativeness that lead to her hysteria. Read More Janes Psychological Problems in Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper1322 Words   |  6 Pagesexample of Sigmund Freud’s Studies In Hysteria. Jane suffers from symptoms such as story making and daydreaming. Jane has a nervous weakness throughout the story. Jane is a victim of a nervous disorder of the brain called hysteria. She is aware that she suffers from a series of mental and physical disturbances. She says that she has a temporary nervous depression: -- a slight hysterical tendency- what is one to do?(2). According to Freud hysteria is a nervous disorder that causes violentRead MoreEssay The Crucible - Fear987 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican history, the people of Salem experienced this for themselves. Arthur Miller shows this in his book. The society of Salem that Miller creates in The Crucible shows how fear can slowly cause rational thought to deteriorate, leading to mass hysteria and eventually the breakdown of civilized behavior. During Act I, Miller shows how each Salem’s citizens begin to realize this fear they have, and how it is slowly starting to take over their minds. This new idea that witchcraft exists in theirRead MoreFear, Hysteria, And Hysteria1534 Words   |  7 PagesFear/Hysteria in Society related to 1692 Hysteria shapes our live and determines who we will become though the process of developing ourselves to be imperturbable. It helps to comprehend what hysteria is--an overwhelming fear and elation that overrides all logic, and is often heightened and augmented by the presence of others who are acting out on that fear as well. Fear is the emotion of being terror-stricken of someone or something that is likely to cause you impairment, pain, or a risk. HysteriaRead MoreA Summary Of Johnathon868 Words   |  4 Pagescan be afflicted. Tiredness can be an affliction, one that needs to be loosened like a knot blocking the proper flow of energy. Or frustration, manifested in a multitude of ways - emotional, physical, sensual, and others. The condition of female hysteria can also rear its ugly head in ways that are subtle, long before they manifest in more disturbing ways. All of these can be treated with mesmerism in some form or another, and as a doctor...your doctor, you have my word tha n anything you reveal toRead MoreAn Exploration Of August Strindberg s Life Through Its Cruel And Powerful Struggles1536 Words   |  7 Pages(Strindberg 82), Strindberg reflects the temperament during the late 1800s, incorporating an â€Å"urgently hysterical† (Strindberg 91) atmosphere. During this time period, hysteria was respective to females, and was associated with the movement of the womb (as noted in the wandering womb theory dating back to ancient Greece). 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In a broader sense however, hysteria is a killer, the delitescent devil. More specifically, hysteria was the main cause of nineteen deaths in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, and countless ruined reputations on account of Joe McCarthy. Hysteria does not just appear out of nowhere though. There are driving forces such as revengeRead MoreHysteria In The Crucible1474 Words   |  6 Pagess behavior and thoughts. Hysteria, uncontrollable emotion among groups, is a major leader in past and present day society when it comes to how people act and think in different situations. The Crucible provides great examples with how hysteria can affect a group of people. Back in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, hysterics swept the town, creating a storm of emotions. Everyone wondering, what to do? What to think? In The Crucible, Arthur Miller us es the effects of mass hysteria to reveal his purpose of

Response to Boyz N the Hood Essay - 815 Words

Amad Elia CIN 303 Response to Boyz N the Hood and Review by Roger Ebert in the Chicago Sun-Times The more times I viewed this film, the more I became captivated by the poignant message Singleton is trying to convey in Boyz N the Hood. The poignant message is the impact that a father has on a young urban African American individual living in the ghetto and subsequently the impact of being fatherless in the ghetto. In fact Boyz N the Hood includes, among many social topics, a fathers essential role in his sons healthy development and the disastrous effects a fathers absence has on children and society. For instance, the main character, Tre (Cuba Gooding Jr.), has a father who strongly influences and guides him. His†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Boyz N the Hood also offers an honest and realistic portrayal of a fathers absence in urban America. This is best exemplified by Tres boyhood friends, who lack a strong fatherly influence, end up involved in gang violence, selling drugs, and other societal traps. More specifically, a close friend, Doughboy, lacks a father in his life. And although Doughboys mother ties to lead him in the right direction, she favors Doughboys brother Ricky over him, and Doughboy ends up spending time in prison and dealing drugs. Doughboy experiences gang-related violence first-hand and ultimately becomes a neighborhood victim. Without a strong father figure, Doughboy never valued responsibility, dedication, respect for women, or morality. Resultantly, he succumbs to his neighborhoods social ills. Moreover, in terms of connecting Boyz N the Hood to our course, I was beguiled by a few similarities and differences between Do the Right Thing and Boyz N the Hood. One similarity is that both Singleton and Lee introduce protagonist characters in their films (Mookie in Do the Right Thing, and Furious in Boyz N the Hood) that illuminate the thematic messages that each director is trying to communicate in their films. Another, similarity is that both films introduce complex themes and frankly explored racism, using contemporary rap music as background and as political commentary. In regards toShow MoreRelatedBoyz N The Hood Analysis1650 Words   |  7 Pages Boyz N the Hood YANSHUN QIU 0147562 Criminology 101 2017 Geri E. Bemister Boyz N the Hood (1991) tells the story of three young African-American boys, Trey, Ricky and Doughboy, growing up in a lower-class neighborhood in South Central Los Angeles. The movie is based off the life o a young black man living with his mom and moving to Watts, California to live with his dad. The movie brings friendship, parenthood, violence, and revenge into one concept of how parts of the country areRead MoreCultural Analysis of Boyz N the Hood Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe Boyz Next Door Up until the early 1990s, the decay of inner-city America largely went unnoticed by the general American public. However, the rise in popularity of gangster rap and the release of such films as New Jack City and Menace II Society drew the publics’ attention toward the largely ignored urban areas. Of all the films in the genre that came out, though, one in particular stood out. Boyz N the Hood, directed by John Singleton, became widely acknowledged as the definitive film forRead More Behind the walls of the Ghetto Essay2029 Words   |  9 Pages(Cube, Ghetto Vet). But why are American ghettos filled with so much violence, drugs, and inopportunity? In John Singleton’s powerful drama Boyz N the Hood the harsh reality of youths growing up in South Central Los Angeles, a place where drive-by shootings and unemployment are rampant, is brought to life. Shot entirely on location in South Central LA, Boyz N the Hood presents its story with maximum honesty and realism. The mo vie is a prime example of how American ghettos are dead end environments withRead MoreFilm Analysis of Boyz in the Hood Essay example2165 Words   |  9 Pagesa regular person who has a supporting family around them this question will almost feel almost like a death sentence. Nobody wants anyone to judge them before they even go through life on what they will end up being. In the movie â€Å"Boyz in the Hood† director John Singleton, paints a clear image of the problems that happen very often in the African American communities. The movie deals with issues such as: the importance of a father in a young man’s life, the ongoing violence of black onRead MoreEssay Product Liability1946 Words   |  8 Pagesat the arguments and points that can be made by both sides. First, I will examine the legal claims of Mr. Phillips. The main argument made by Mr. Phillips was that Columbia Pictures was negligent in how they marketed and advertised the movie Boyz N the Hood. He argued that the movie’s advertising falsely represented the movie by depicting only the main scenes of violence and leaving out the pacifist themes at the heart of the movie. Mr. Phillips obviously believes that this false representation isRead MorePopular Culture Film And Music1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthese references has majorly affected the way in which they are received and perceived by the wider public, expressly in times of social or political change and unrest. The context in which these images and sounds are being interpreted affect the response to racial vilification, representation, along with gender roles and stereotypes. Conventional practice in the entertainment industries has developed over time but drugs, their users and dealers, including the consumption and production, continueRead MoreEssay on Racism in the Media: Misrepresentation of Minorities4157 Words   |  17 Pagesa race by the media also happens in motion pictures. Movies which stereotype African Americans are Friday, Hustle and Flow and Boyz N The Hood. Friday is about two friends hanging out on their porch on a Friday afternoon. Hustle and Flow is about a Memphis pimp going through a mid-life crisis who attempts to become a successful rapper. Boyz N The Hood looks at the lives of a group of childhood friends growing up in a poor Los Angeles community. All three of these movies take placeRead MorePortrayal Of African Americans During The Film The Silent Black And White Movies 2012 Words   |  9 Pageshidden in their house. The Hispanic gangsters in this movie are rowdy, but they are very clumsy for comedy purposes. Consequently, these stereotypes do not provide positive role models for the Latino youth. In the study â€Å"Social Identity Threat in Response to Stereotypic Film Portrayals: Effects on Self-Conscious Emotion and Implicit Ingroup Attitudes† claims that the effects of movie stereotypes within the Mexican American community are negative. 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As this culture evolved, the party shouts became more elaborate as the dj, in an effort to be different, began to incorporate little rhymes. It was not long before people began drawing